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Filamet™ titanio 64-5 from The Virtual Foundry (TVF)is an innovative filament made of 80% metal and the rest PLA. The Virtual Foundry is an American company made up of great experts in the molten metal sector, who have been working constantly since 2014 to improve and grow their range of filaments and accessories for FDM metal 3D printing. Their products are aimed to solve and simplify problems through innovative metal materials for FDM 3D printers of any kind.
Titanium 64 or grade 5 titanium is a titanium alloy with 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium. It is the most widely used titanium alloy due to its high mechanical strength, low weight and high corrosion resistance. It is significantly more resistant than pure titanium and can be heat treated and welded, which also facilitates sintering.
It also has a high temperature resistance, withstanding working temperatures of up to 400 ºC continuously.
Its main application is in structural elements for the aeronautical sector, as well as in the manufacture of medical implants.
The Virtual Foundry has been the pioneer in developing metal filaments for 3D printing after many years of research and development. The great competitive advantage developed is that to obtain pure metal parts it is only necessary to print the part and sinter it in an oven. Other manufacturers who have tried to develop metal filaments need to do an additional process (prior to sintering in the furnace): debinding, a chemical process to separate the binder polymers from the metal. Therefore, it can be concluded that The Virtual Foundry is the pioneer and the benchmark in FDM metal 3D printing, obtaining a fairly simple process with results never seen before in the world of metal manufacturing.
Currently, a large list of industry sectors are using The Virtual Foundry's filaments: 3D printer manufacturers, biomedical innovation, jet engine development, radiation shielding, space exploration, nuclear energy, dental, artists or fashion design. A notable application is the manufacture of a hot water internally heated drill bit for drilling in Antarctica. With the copper Filamet™, a drill with an internal structure that is extremely difficult to machine or mould has been produced easily and at a low cost. Another noteworthy application is the printing of containers for radiation shielding, carried out with the tungsten Filamet™. This type of container is used to transport reactive medicines without having to resort to lead (toxic) containers. Thanks to the density of tungsten, 1.6 higher than lead, this filament is ideal to create any type of substitute part for those made of lead.
Filamet™ titanium 64 is a filament formed by a base metal and a biodegradable and ecological polymer (PLA). This material is free of exposed metal particles and volatile solvents that can be released during printing. Made up of 80% titanium 64 and the rest PLA, this material is extremely easy to print, as its printing properties are similar to those of PLA, allowing any user of a 3D FDM printer to create parts with this filament, without the need to purchase expensive industrial metal FDM 3D printers.
With Filamet™ titanium 64-5 properties similar to those possible with DMLS technology are achieved but with certain limitations. Due to the need to sinter the parts printed with this filament, where PLA is eliminated, the parts have porosity, loss of volume and no isotropy. The DMLS 3D printers manage to print totally solid parts (similar to casting), with great detail, layer heights of 0.02 mm and without the need for post-processing, the only disadvantage compared to the FDM 3D printing of Filamet™ being the cost of: material, manufacturing and the printers themselves.
Due to its high metal content (80%), it is necessary to place the filament inlet as close as possible to the extruder and use FilaWarmer, a heater through which the filament is introduced to eliminate its curvature and thus produce the least possible friction in the extruder and HotEnd. Once a piece is printed, it is necessary to carry out the sintering process, in an open environment or in a vacuum or inert environment, to eliminate the polymer (PLA), taking into account that the sintering values must be adjusted according to the geometry and model of the furnace. The product obtained is totally metallic, with the real properties of the metal such as electrical conductivity, post-processing by grinding and polishing or even joining by welding; but with a certain porosity and a reduction in volume due to the loss of PLA.
Metallic content | Metallic content |
Due to the high quantity of metal, the filament can be broken more easily than a conventional PLA filament. To avoid breakage during printing, it is recommended to use Filawarmer, an accessory that preheats the filament before printing to reduce its fragility and increase its malleability.
It is necessary to use a hardened nozzle of at least 0.6 mm diameter to avoid jamming.
As far as infill, the average recommended amount is 30-70 % but it largely depends on what kind of part the user wants to obtain and whether the part will be sintered or not. For more indepth information please watch this video:
It is recommended to print on a glass base and use an adhesive such as Magigoo. It is not possible to print directly on PEI bases, as the part could be welded to the base and the base would be damaged. If you have a PEI base, we recommend applying a layer of Blue Tape.
Printing at low speeds of up to 30 mm/s is recommended.
This filament is in an experimental phase, so an optimised sintering procedure is not yet available.
General information | |
---|---|
Manufacturer | The Virtual Foundry (USA) |
Material | Titanium 64 (80 %wt) + PLA |
Format | 500 g spool |
Density | 4.5 g/cm3 |
Amount of metal (volume) | 66 % |
Quantity of metal (mass) | 86 % |
Filament diameter | 1.75 or 2.85 mm |
Diameter Tolerance | - |
Filament length | - |
Colour | Grey |
RAL/Pantone | - |
Printing properties | |
Printing temperature | 205 - 215 ºC |
Base/bed temperature | 50 ºC (optional) |
FilaWarmer temperature(1) | 45 ºC |
Chamber temperature | - |
Layer fan | - |
Print speed | 30 mm/s |
Nozzle diameter | ≥0.6 mm of stainless steel |
Infill recommended | 100 % |
Sintering properties | |
Container | - |
Refractory powder | - |
Maximum temperature | - |
Mechanical properties | |
Izod impact resistance | - |
Charpy impact resistance | - |
Elongation at break | - |
Tensile strength | - |
Traction module | - |
Flexural strength | - |
Bending module | - |
Surface hardness | - |
Thermal properties | |
Softening temperature | 55 ºC |
Melting temperature | - |
Specific properties | |
Transparency | Opaque |
Radiation protection (unsintered) | No |
Further information | |
HS Code | 8108.9060 |
spool diameter (outside) | 300 mm |
spool diameter (inner hole) | 65 mm |
spool width | 55 mm |
* The typical values detailed in this table should be considered as a reference. Actual values may vary depending on the 3D printer model used, part design and printing conditions. We recommend that you confirm the results and final properties with your own tests. For further information, please refer to the product data sheet.
(1) It is essential to use the FilaWarmer to heat the filament and eliminate its curvature, thus producing less friction in the extruder and the HotEnd.
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